The chemistry between us could destroy this place

At Geneva, the two men quickly developed a rapport, even as they debated—sometimes quite ferociously—international issues of such grave importance. The first meeting of the two leaders, alone except for translators, took place the morning of November Reagan and Gorbachev joined their delegations for the first plenary session.

Gorbachev opened by again declaiming the importance of cooperation and common security among the states going forward. Reagan denied allegations that the US was seeking to gain a first-strike advantage, and he argued that SDI could shield the two states from a hypothetical rogue third party with nuclear weapons. As such, Gorbachev offered to negotiate on offensive weapons reduction if and only if Reagan abandoned SDI.

Gorbachev did not take the offer seriously. At this point, they had reached a stalemate that continued throughout the next day of negotiations as well. Despite the lack of tangible progress on specific nuclear arms measures, the Geneva Summit was a breakthrough point for American-Soviet relations. This breakthrough was largely predicated on the personal connection forged between Gorbachev and Reagan. This attitude, coupled with the shared, ultimately peaceful goal of nuclear arms reduction, allowed for the creation of a joint statement expressing support for this principle.

The two men had laid the groundwork for continued cooperation and negotiation in the years to come. New York: Penguin Books, Rhodes, Richard. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Shultz, George P. Since the radical Cl atom starts this whole reaction but is not consumed in the process, it is a catalyst for the ozone destruction reaction.

Over the next two decades he and Molina became voices alerting the world to the danger of CFCs and ozone depletion. They were not always heeded. CFC use for other purposes only increased. Early Life Molina was born in Mexico City, where his father was a successful lawyer and a diplomat. As a child Molina was fascinated with chemistry and converted one of the family bathrooms to a chemistry laboratory for himself.

He then studied mathematics and science at universities in Germany and France to fill deficiencies in his academic background. Finally, he was accepted for graduate study at the University of California, Berkeley. It was then that Molina and Rowland began wondering what might be happening to CFCs released into the atmosphere. But this did not happen easily, nor did it happen overnight.

Nobel Prize In the Montreal Protocol for reducing named substances that deplete the ozone layer was opened for signature. By all nations in the United Nations had ratified the original protocol. First at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and then at the University of California, San Diego, and the Center for Atmospheric Sciences at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Molina continued his research on gas-phase chemistry, including the effects of pollutants in the atmosphere.

Not forgetting his roots, he has also been studying strategies for making the air in cities cleaner. Mexico City has been the case study for this project and is also the home of the Centro Mario Molina, which is dedicated to finding solutions to the challenges related to climate change, sustainable development, and the efficient use of energy.

Explore the oral history collection at the Science History Institute, with interviews dating back to

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